all edu.ucar.gdex GRID NetCDF Freely Available Current global multi-source merged precipitation datasets can facilitate better utilization of the complementary nature of gauge-, satellite-, and reanalysis-based precipitation estimates, particularly for capturing precipitation variability. However, merging these datasets at high resolutions of 1-hourly and 0.1 degree on a full global scale remains a substantial challenge for the scientific community due to high spatiotemporal heterogeneities. This study proposed a merging-and-calibration framework to optimally integrate the advantages of gauge-, satellite-, and model-based precipitation estimates, focusing on precipitation occurrences and providing a new fully Global multi-source Merging-and-Calibration Precipitation dataset (GMCP: 1-hourly, 0.1 degree, global, 2000-Present). The main conclusions included: (1) GMCP generally outperformed the input datasets, ERA5-Land, GSMaP-MVK, and IMERG-Late, across various spatiotemporal scales, both in regional statistics and extreme precipitation systems; (2) GMCP significantly outperformed IMERG-Final, calibrated by gauge analysis at the monthly scale, with the improvements in correlation coefficient (CC), root mean square error (RMSE), and Heidke skill score (HSS) by approximately 66.67%, 39.25%, and 26.83%, respectively, from 2016 to 2020 over the Continental United States (CONUS); (3) compared to the state-of-the-art multi-source merged product with a daily gauge correction scheme, MSWEP V2 (3-hourly and 0.1 degree), GMCP demonstrated the notable improvements with an approximately 20% enhancement in accurately capturing the precipitation occurrences against approximately 67,000 rain gauges over Mainland China in 2016; (4) in comparison to another well-known multi-source merged quasi-global daily and 0.05 degree precipitation product, CHIPRS integrating the gauge-, satellite-, and reanalysis-based precipitation estimates, GMCP also demonstrated the notable improvements at the daily scale, achieving the increases in CC, RMSE, and HSS by around 57.45%, 38.18%, and 75.76%, respectively, against approximately 67,000 rain gauges over Mainland China in 2016; and (5) this framework was suitable for generating the fully global precipitation datasets at 1-hourly and 0.1 degree scales, significantly mitigating the inherent drawbacks of each input dataset, with GMCP demonstrating the great potential as a valuable resource for worldwide scientific research and societal applications. CN/CAS/TPDC NCAR/GDEX 622.1 2026-07-21T00:42:18.570Z 622.1 2026-07-21T00:42:30.914Z 622.1 2026-07-21T00:42:44.370Z 622.1 2026-07-21T00:42:55.822Z 622.1 2026-07-21T00:43:08.874Z 622.1 2026-07-21T00:43:21.608Z 622.1 2026-07-21T00:43:34.147Z 622.1 2026-07-21T00:43:47.059Z 622.1 2026-07-21T00:43:59.636Z 622.1 2026-07-21T00:44:13.294Z 622.1 2026-07-21T00:44:26.579Z 622.1 2026-07-21T00:44:39.684Z 622.1 2026-07-21T00:44:52.971Z 622.1 2026-07-21T00:45:06.637Z 622.1 2026-07-21T00:45:20.567Z 622.1 2026-07-21T00:45:33.769Z 622.1 2026-07-21T00:45:46.380Z 622.1 2026-07-21T00:46:00.551Z 622.1 2026-07-21T00:46:13.397Z 622.1 2026-07-21T00:46:26.485Z 622.1 2026-07-21T00:46:39.727Z 622.1 2026-07-21T00:46:52.622Z 622.1 2026-07-21T00:47:06.018Z 622.1 2026-07-21T00:47:20.799Z 622.1 2026-07-21T00:47:35.641Z 622.1 2026-07-21T00:47:48.272Z 622.1 2026-07-21T00:48:00.374Z 622.1 2026-07-21T00:48:13.396Z 622.1 2026-07-21T00:48:28.745Z 622.1 2026-07-21T00:48:41.087Z 622.1 2026-07-21T00:48:54.477Z